Cấu trúc dự án Android

1. Tổng quan

MyApp/
├── app/                          # Module chính
│   ├── src/
│   │   ├── main/                 # Code và resources chính
│   │   ├── test/                 # Unit tests
│   │   └── androidTest/          # Instrumented tests
│   └── build.gradle.kts          # Build config của module
├── gradle/                       # Gradle wrapper
├── build.gradle.kts              # Build config của project
├── settings.gradle.kts           # Project settings
└── gradle.properties             # Gradle properties

2. Thư mục app/src/main

main/
├── java/com/example/myapp/       # Kotlin/Java code
│   ├── MainActivity.kt
│   ├── ui/
│   │   ├── screens/
│   │   ├── components/
│   │   └── theme/
│   ├── data/
│   │   ├── repository/
│   │   └── model/
│   └── ...
├── res/                          # Resources
│   ├── drawable/                 # Images, icons
│   ├── layout/                   # XML layouts (legacy)
│   ├── values/                   # Strings, colors, themes
│   ├── mipmap/                   # App icons
│   └── ...
└── AndroidManifest.xml           # App manifest

3. AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.myapp">

    <!-- Permissions -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.MyApp">

        <!-- Main Activity -->
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

    </application>
</manifest>

4. build.gradle.kts (Module: app)

plugins {
    alias(libs.plugins.android.application)
    alias(libs.plugins.kotlin.android)
    alias(libs.plugins.kotlin.compose)
}

android {
    namespace = "com.example.myapp"
    compileSdk = 34

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId = "com.example.myapp"
        minSdk = 24
        targetSdk = 34
        versionCode = 1
        versionName = "1.0"
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            isMinifyEnabled = false
            proguardFiles(
                getDefaultProguardFile("proguard-android-optimize.txt"),
                "proguard-rules.pro"
            )
        }
    }

    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17
        targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17
    }

    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = "17"
    }

    buildFeatures {
        compose = true
    }
}

dependencies {
    implementation(libs.androidx.core.ktx)
    implementation(libs.androidx.lifecycle.runtime.ktx)
    implementation(libs.androidx.activity.compose)
    implementation(platform(libs.androidx.compose.bom))
    implementation(libs.androidx.ui)
    implementation(libs.androidx.material3)

    testImplementation(libs.junit)
    androidTestImplementation(libs.androidx.junit)
}

5. Thư mục res/

drawable/

drawable/
├── ic_launcher_background.xml
├── ic_launcher_foreground.xml
└── custom_image.png

values/

strings.xml

<resources>
    <string name="app_name">My App</string>
    <string name="hello">Xin chào</string>
</resources>

<!-- colors.xml -->
<resources>
    <color name="purple_500">#FF6200EE</color>
    <color name="teal_200">#FF03DAC5</color>
</resources>

mipmap/

App icons ở các density khác nhau:

• mipmap-mdpi/ (1x)
• mipmap-hdpi/ (1.5x)
• mipmap-xhdpi/ (2x)
• mipmap-xxhdpi/ (3x)
• mipmap-xxxhdpi/ (4x)

6. Cấu trúc code khuyến nghị

com.example.myapp/
├── MainActivity.kt
├── MyApplication.kt              # Application class
├── ui/
│   ├── screens/                  # Màn hình
│   │   ├── home/
│   │   │   ├── HomeScreen.kt
│   │   │   └── HomeViewModel.kt
│   │   └── detail/
│   ├── components/               # UI components tái sử dụng
│   │   ├── AppBar.kt
│   │   └── LoadingIndicator.kt
│   ├── navigation/               # Navigation setup
│   │   └── NavGraph.kt
│   └── theme/                    # Theme, colors, typography
│       ├── Theme.kt
│       ├── Color.kt
│       └── Type.kt
├── data/
│   ├── model/                    # Data models
│   │   └── User.kt
│   ├── repository/               # Data repositories
│   │   └── UserRepository.kt
│   ├── local/                    # Local database
│   │   └── UserDao.kt
│   └── remote/                   # API services
│       └── ApiService.kt
├── di/                           # Dependency Injection
│   └── AppModule.kt
└── util/                         # Utility classes
    └── Extensions.kt

7. Gradle Files

settings.gradle.kts

pluginManagement {
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
        gradlePluginPortal()
    }
}
dependencyResolutionManagement {
    repositoriesMode.set(RepositoriesMode.FAIL_ON_PROJECT_REPOS)
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
}
rootProject.name = "MyApp"
include(":app")

gradle.properties

org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx2048m
android.useAndroidX=true
kotlin.code.style=official
android.nonTransitiveRClass=true

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📝 Tóm tắt

Thư mục/File	Mục đích
app/src/main/java/	Kotlin/Java source code
app/src/main/res/	Resources (images, strings, etc.)
AndroidManifest.xml	App configuration
build.gradle.kts	Dependencies và build settings
gradle/	Gradle wrapper files