Tuples trong Swift

// Tuple đơn giản
let point = (10, 20)
let person = ("Alice", 25, "alice@email.com")
 
// Với named elements
let namedPoint = (x: 10, y: 20)
let user = (name: "Bob", age: 30)

let person = ("Alice", 25, "NYC")
 
// Theo index
print(person.0)  // Alice
print(person.1)  // 25
print(person.2)  // NYC
 
// Với named elements
let point = (x: 10, y: 20)
print(point.x)  // 10
print(point.y)  // 20

let person = ("Alice", 25, "NYC")
 
// Decompose into separate variables
let (name, age, city) = person
print(name)  // Alice
print(age)   // 25
 
// Ignore values với _
let (nameOnly, _, _) = person
print(nameOnly)  // Alice

func minMax(array: [Int]) -> (min: Int, max: Int)? {
    guard let first = array.first else { return nil }
    
    var minValue = first
    var maxValue = first
    
    for value in array {
        if value < minValue { minValue = value }
        if value > maxValue { maxValue = value }
    }
    
    return (minValue, maxValue)
}
 
if let result = minMax(array: [8, 3, 5, 1, 9]) {
    print("Min: \(result.min), Max: \(result.max)")
}

let point = (1, 1)
 
switch point {
case (0, 0):
    print("Origin")
case (_, 0):
    print("On x-axis")
case (0, _):
    print("On y-axis")
case (-2...2, -2...2):
    print("Inside box")
default:
    print("Outside box")
}

let point = (2, 0)
 
switch point {
case (let x, 0):
    print("On x-axis at \(x)")
case (0, let y):
    print("On y-axis at \(y)")
case let (x, y):
    print("At point (\(x), \(y))")
}

// Tuple có thể so sánh theo thứ tự
let a = (1, "apple")
let b = (1, "banana")
let c = (2, "apple")
 
print(a < b)  // true (so sánh "apple" vs "banana")
print(a < c)  // true (so sánh 1 vs 2)

// HTTP Response
func fetch() -> (statusCode: Int, data: String?, error: String?) {
    return (200, "Success", nil)
}
 
let response = fetch()
if response.statusCode == 200 {
    print(response.data ?? "No data")
}
 
// Coordinates
func getLocation() -> (latitude: Double, longitude: Double) {
    return (21.0285, 105.8542)  // Hanoi
}

// Tuple không có tên type
// Dùng struct cho complex data
 
// ❌ Không thể conform protocols
// ❌ Không thể extend
 
// ✅ Dùng cho temporary grouping
// ✅ Dùng cho return multiple values